本文以“nomenclature of carboxylic acids”为例设计教学,采用PBL教学模式,设计层次递进的问题,引导学生以小组合作的形式共同探讨和解决问题,使学生掌握羧酸及其衍生物的系统和普通命名规则。该教学模式可以激发学生的学习兴趣,有效提高课堂参与度和英语交流能力,从而培养学生的学科素养。Taking “nomenclature of carboxylic acids” as an example, this paper adopts PBL teaching mode to design progressive problems, guiding students to explore and solve problems together in the group cooperation, so that students can master IUPAC and common naming rules for carboxylic acids and their derivatives. This teaching mode can stimulate students’ interest for learning, improve class participation and English communication ability effectively, and cultivate students’ disciplinary literacy.
The accurate identification of pathogenic fungi is crucial for diagnosing and treating fungal infections. Recent advancements in molecular biotechnology, phylogenetic analysis, and the requirements of the Melbourne Code have led to changes in the classification and naming of fungi. These changes have caused significant confusion for medical laboratories and clinical personnel. This article summarizes the classification and new names of common pathogenic fungi to enhance fungi identification skills and provide accurate information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
自1936年细菌学家Buchanan负责起草专门的细菌命名法规以来,国际原核生物命名法规(International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes,ICNP)在不断发展和完善过程中,积极促进了原核生物分类学及相关学科的发展。随着组学技术在原核生物多样性研究中的应用,越来越多未培养的细菌和古菌新类群被发现,却因为ICNP要求活的生物材料作为命名模式(nomenclatural type),而无法获得生效名称(validly published name)。2022年,原核生物命名法规从序列数据描述原核生物命名法(Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data,SeqCode)正式发布,以补充ICNP在未培养微生物类群命名方面的不足。SeqCode不希望和ICNP产生较大分歧,并尽可能保留在将来和ICNP合并的可能性。然而,作为两种独立运行的命名法规,尚不明确SeqCode和ICNP并存会对学术界产生怎样的影响。本文系统介绍了ICNP和SeqCode各自的发展历程和主要内容,分析了二者的优势和局限性,并呼吁微生物学相关领域的学者共同关注原核生物命名法规并应用于实践,以期构建更加合理、有效的原核生物名称系统。
目前,先天性耳廓畸形的命名繁多且混乱,给临床实践和科学研究带来了极大的不便。该研究旨在通过对国内外现有的先天性耳廓畸形的中英文名称进行全面归纳整理,为该类畸形的科学分类和临床治疗的研究提供参考。研究中遵循PRISMA报告标准,以中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Web of Science和ScienceDirect数据库中收集的67篇相关文献为研究对象,对先天性耳廓畸形的形态学和解剖学命名及分类2个核心问题进行了梳理和归纳。该文总结归纳了现有的先天性耳廓畸形的中英文名称,在形态学和解剖学水平上进行了初步的归纳分类,并对耳廓及其亚结构的胚胎学发育起源进行了阐述。根据其研究成果可以将耳廓亚结构的畸形及其胚胎学起源进行综合分析,进一步探究先天性耳廓畸形的病因。未来可以在该研究基础上对先天性耳廓畸形制定科学规范的命名和分类方法,并制定合理有效的标准化治疗方案。
Disagreements about language use are common both between and within fields.Where interests require multidisciplinary collaboration or the field of research has the potential to impact society at large,it becomes critical to minimize these disagreements where possible.The development of diverse intelligent systems,regardless of the substrate(e.g.,silicon vs.biology),is a case where both conditions are met.Significant advancements have occurred in the development of technology progressing toward these diverse intelligence systems.Whether progress is silicon based,such as the use of large language models,or through synthetic biology methods,such as the development of organoids,a clear need for a community-based approach to seeking consensus on nomenclature is now vital.Here,we welcome collaboration from the wider scientific community,proposing a pathway forward to achieving this intention,highlighting key terms and fields of relevance,and suggesting potential consensus-making methods to be applied.
