The primary network of groundwater level observation wells aims at realizing a regional groundwater management policy. It may give a regional picture of groundwater level with emphasis on the natural situation. Observation data from the primary network can be used to estimate the actual state of groundwater system. Since the cost of the installation and maintenance of a groundwater monitoring network is extremely high, the assessment of effectiveness of the network becomes very necessary. Groundwater level monitoring networks are the examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, ordinary kriging provides estimates of the variable sampled and a standard error of the estimate. In this article, the average Kriging standard deviation was used as a criterion for the determination of network density,and the GIS-based approach was analysized. A case study of groundwater level network simulation in the Chaiwopu Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, was presented. In the case study, the initial phreatic water observation wells were 18, a comparison of the three variogram parameters of the three defferent variogram models shows that the Gaussian model is the best. Finally, a network with 55 wells was constructed.
YANG Feng-guang CAO Shu-you LIU Xing-nian YANG Ke-jun
The momentum transfer coefficient is an important parameter for determining the apparent shear stress at the vertical interface between the main channel and its associated flood plains,the cross-sectional mean velocity and the discharge capacity in compound channels. In this article,under the Boussinesq assumption and through analyzing the characteristics of velocity distribution in the interacting region between the main channel and its associated flood plain,the expression of momentum transfer coefficient was theoretically derived. On the basis of force balance,the expression of vertical apparent shear stress was obtained. By applying the experimental data from the British Engineering Research Council Flood Channel Facility (SERC-FCF),the relationship between the momentum transfer coefficient with the relative depth and the ratio of the flood plain width to the main channel width,was established,And hence the conveyance capacity in compound channels was calculated with Liu and Dong’s method. The computed results show that the momentum transfer coefficient relationship obtained is viable.
