Echolocation calls of 10 Chinese rhinolophid species were recorded to investigate the relationship between morphology and echolocation signals. All horseshoe bats use FM-CF-FM calls. Rhinolophus rex calls at 23.7 kHz, the lowest frequency in this genus. Call frequency was not correlated with body mass (P=0.200, 9 species). Close negative relationships were found between call frequency and ear length (r=-0.942, P<0.001) and also between call frequency and forearm length (r=-0.696, P<0.05). Residual analysis was carried out to remove the influence of other morphological features. After calculating ear length, forearm length residuals were not significantly related to call frequency (r=-0.095, P=0.808). The significance of the correlation between ear length and call frequency was slightly lowered (r=-0.642, P=0.062) after “removing” the influence of forearm length. Ear length, therefore, was a better predictor of call frequency than forearm length [Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(1):128-133,2003].
The foraging effect and the foraging-preference behavior of the vegetarian can influent the composition as well as the succession of the plant community. And the plant community can also influence many affects of the vegetarian, such as the physiology, behavior, population characteristic, distribution, the inter-species interaction and the composition of the animal community. The relationship between the animal and the plant act as a important role in the structure and composition of the animal and plant communities.
Advance in the research of home range in rodents was summarized in three parts: ① the trend of techniques for observing and determining location of animals,② the arguments and questions in application of methods for estimating the area of home range, and ③ the dynamics and ecological functions of home range and its relationship to the ecological factors,such as the quality of habitat,reproductive rhythm,population density and social organization.
